Inclusion or Exclusion in The Crucible Essay - 2359 Words

Much of The Crucible by Arthur Miller was about being part of a group. What is it to belong to a group? Is it really that simple when someone says, quot;Either youre with us or youre notquot;? Yes, it is that simple. Belonging and exclusion in any situation are two sides of the same coin - you cant have one without the other. In any organization or group, people are bound together by a community of interest, purpose or function and if you do not believe in these same things, then you are not a part of that group. In an organization or group, you have to ask yourself, quot;What is it to be a part of this particular group, what does it take to belong?quot; It takes following the rules of the group, agreeing with their purpose,†¦show more content†¦Traditionally, rules are set out for the members to follow. Generally, explicit rules are made in order for everyone to obviously and without question understand what is expected of them. Ideally, a clear list of what you can and can not do and what is acceptable and unacceptable in their organization should exist. Unfortunately these requirements are not all written down - implicit standards are always hiding in a group, whether they are talked of or not is up to the group. We usually call these implicit rules actual quot;normsquot; which are there to ensure that only the quot;properquot; people are involved in the group. Implicit details often provide secret exclusion for members that dont quot;belongquot;. quot;Some details are implicitly implied only because by exploiting these undercover rules, the image of the group is disturbed and the hypocrisy of the rule makers might be uncovered.(Johnson 37)quot; Without rules people might be able to act as they please which is not the purpose of a group. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Just as in society, with rules must come enforcers. There can be no expectations for people to follow the rules if there is no one to enforce the consequences. This is why authority and leadership are key points in keeping their sense of belonging in a group. It is well known that people tend to lose focus of what is important to them when no one is helping them along, thus the necessity for role expectations. Someone in a groupShow MoreRelatedThe Paradoxical Nature of Belonging Depicted in Arthur Millers The Crucible1318 Words   |  6 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, we are positioned to see belonging as paradoxical, in that the positive, human quality of belonging inevitably carries with it the negative and dangerous corollary of exclusion. By belonging, we are automatically excluding others and excluding ourselves from other groups. The Crucible achieves this complex presentation of belonging through a variety of interconnected techniques wh ich will be explored in this essay. These techniques may be categorized into four mainRead MoreThe Crucible Essay1784 Words   |  8 Pages------------------------------------------------- THE CRUCIBLE ESSAY ‘The Crucible’ written by Arthur Miller and my related material ‘Happy Feet’ by George Miller is true to this statement â€Å"Understanding nourishes belonging†¦a lack of understanding prevents it† that represents the interpretation of belonging. To define belong is to have the correct personal and social assets to be a member of a particular group or it could be to fit a particular environment. By a sense of place, people youRead More War Creates Social Division, Not Cohesion Essay5403 Words   |  22 Pagesbefore in its history and never again in the immediate future, would America enjoy such unity in time of war (Gerstle, 189). It seemed Americans were ready and willing to fight for their country. John Whiteclay Chambers II, in Gerstles book American Crucible, offers evidence-displaying Americans willingness to engage in war. He explains the Second World Wars refusal of induction to the draft and desertion rates from basic training were far below those for World War I or Vietnam. Only one-half of oneRead MoreSuccess and Failure in Organizational Change14750 Words   |  59 Pageswants. Success brings isolation and resentment from the ‘have-nots’ and feelings of loneliness and exclusion lead to emergence of . . . Collective: Deny self for equality, sharing and humanity, wealth distribution, charity and working for humanitarian causes to aid social developmen t and community. All are equal in the eyes of society, no one person is in control, consensus decision-making, inclusion and harmony eventually leads to lower efï ¬ ciencies. Lack of effective progress leads to emergence ofRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesBabylon. â€Å"Beating Down Babylon†: Ideological Delegitimation Rastafari is ï ¬ rst and foremost a response to the Babylonian conditions of the Jamaican society and, by extension, of the whole Western world. The Rastafarian phenomenon was forged in the crucible of oppression that started in plantation slavery and that has persisted in post-emancipation and postcolonial Jamaica. The manner in which some experienced and perceived the realities of the colonial society called forth the response and shapedRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesrapidity that allows its initial leaders to become very, very successful. The key in all this is crossing the chasm—making that mainstream market emerge. This is a do-or-die proposition for high-tech enterprises; hence, it is logical that they be the crucible in which â€Å"chasm theory† is formed. But the principles can be generalized to other forms of marketing, so for the general reader who can bear with all the high-tech examples in this book, useful lessons may be learned. One of the most importantRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesbehavior of people at work. In addition, you’ll gain insights into specific people skills that you workforce diversity The concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. Source: ITAR - TASS / Anton Tushin / Newscom The Ritz Carlton Hotel Company is recognized worldwide as the gold standard of the hospitality industry. Its motto—â€Å"We are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen†Ã¢â‚¬â€isRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesusually was judged and measured by the depth and capability and hard-asset credentials of the company’s management. That, of course, remains critically important. However, American companies whose performance most readily slipped in the economic crucible at the beginning of the twenty-first century (and whose recovery was among the slowest) seemed to rate highest in hard-asset terms compared with the many companies with a higher mix of soft-asset management strength, whose results were far better

Repentance and Journal Article Review Free Essays

In the second article I chose to read, Hall and Fincham (2005) discuss the concept of self-forgiveness. Their analysis seeks to get to the heart of what it means and essentially what it takes to forgive oneself for wrongdoing and reckless abandon. Enright (1996) defines self-forgiveness as â€Å"a willingness to abandon self-resentment in the face of one’s own acknowledged objective wrong, while fostering compassion, generosity, and love toward oneself. We will write a custom essay sample on Repentance and Journal Article Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hall and Fincham (2005) argue that self-forgiveness is an internal and volatile aberration that results in both a retaliatory and benevolent appeal on behalf of the offender. The reason for this is because the offender is in conflict with their ability to do wrong and then compensate with righteous action in rebuttal to their transgression. After the stage of victim identification and reconciliation, avoidance occurs which puts the offender and any sense or notion of wrongdoing they may have had, at peace with themselves (Hall Fincham, 2005).Furthermore, Hall and Fincham (2005) deduce that self-forgiveness does not imply an exemption from heartache, frustration, or regret. The offender will not magically fail to remember or begin to root for such behavior that should lead to another bout with personal disdain and disappointment. In fact, the offender will undergo extensive self-analysis and even consider the implications of interpersonal forgiveness from oneself toward another had they committed a similar offense. Lastly, Hall and Fincham (2005) give attention to the moral aspects of the self-forgiveness concept. According to Horsbrugh (1974) interpersonal forgiveness is bound by biblical scripture which Jesus himself states that â€Å"When you stand praying, if you hold anything against anyone, forgive him, so that your Father in heaven may forgive you your sins† (Mark, 11:25). However, Hall and Fincham (2005) assert that â€Å"self-forgiveness can easily be conditional or impermanent. † A perfect example of the issue about forgiveness would be Michael Vick staring at himself in the mirror after the allegations of masterminding and funding lucrative and horribly tragic dog fighting ring on his personal estate. The interpersonal ability of society to forgive Mick Vick for sponsoring such a deplorable blood sport at the expense of man’s best friend became a national debate that garnered him notoriety unforeseen in sports history. However, if the multitude of saints that denounced Mick Vick had only taken a time-out to reflect on their personal vice, an environment of compa ssion and interpersonal forgiveness could have blossomed, instead of the unforgiving hearts and hypocrisy.On a personal note, I have to consider my own transgressions before I dare judge someone else. Not a single person on this earth possesses the moral immaculateness necessary to judge another human being or the gall to not want to forgive them for wrongdoing. 1 John (1:9-10) states that â€Å"if we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness. If we claim we have not sinned, we make him out to be a liar and his word has no place in our lives. I know that the issue of self-forgiveness is a bit deeper and personal to the point of self-hatred and belief that no amount of prayer can put you back in God’s good grace. I know this from personal experience and rebuke toward myself for indiscretions that only God almighty knows in complete detail. And with all my grievances and blame placed on God for my trials and tribulations and even minor inconveniences, I have yet to suffer a night without food, shelter, nor clothing.Reflection like this opens your eyes to just how fortunate and blessed all of us sinners are despite our tremendous lack of faith or entitlement. I believe that once a person accepts the necessity of interpersonal forgiveness due to its humbling and sanctif ying power, the key to unlocking the ability to self-forgive will turn up, and open the door to a new outlook on life and unconditional love. Forgiveness is an intangible, deep-rooted, and often faith based conception.Many people seeking interpersonal forgiveness from someone are really seeking closure to the point of getting their mind and personal affairs back in everyday working order. The belief that I can’t sleep at night until I have cleared up a matter between myself and a friend lends credence to the aforementioned statement. The loss of sleep is a result of not having closure from a face to face or heart to heart discourse. However, the concept of self-forgiveness is more about finding personal redemption or liberation from thoughts, feelings, and situations associated with any given transgression (Hall Fincham, 2005).To counsel or console a client or church member in a predicament that involves the forgiveness of a transgression, I would have to be humble and truthful about my own faults and weaknesses. Simply reminding the client about the teachings of Jesus Christ as it relates to forgiveness will not always suffice. I actually strongly believe in mock confrontational platforms in which the transgressor can image and then simulate an encounter with the victim of their wrongdoing.I would play the part of the victim and carry out dual roles of first accepting the offender’s apology and then rehash the encounter with a deliberate refusal to accept the offender’s conciliation. Of course, the acceptance of the offender’s apology in the first scenario will result in instant stress and guilt reduction, but the refusal to accept recompense in the second scenario will reveal the offenders ability to self-forgive and deal with the possibility of delayed or perennial censure. I stated before that the ability to forgive one another grants us humbling and sanctifying powers.Therefore, even after the offender suffers a blow to their constructive self-forgiveness manner, they have not lost the most critical and liberating effect of self-forgiveness because they are at peace with themselves and the higher power in which they confide. Their peace and happiness can live on.References Hall, J. H. , Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self-Forgiveness: The Stepchild of Forgiveness Research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(5), 621-637. Horsbrugh, H. J. (1974). Forgiveness. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 4(2), 269-282. How to cite Repentance and Journal Article Review, Papers

Descrimination Essay Example For Students

Descrimination Essay discrimination1. The federal government attempted to use many laws to protect the rights of the newlyfreed slaves, such as the Civil rights Act of 1866, which gave African Americans the rightof citizenship and forbade other states from passing their own discriminatory laws. Thisbrought on the Black codes, which restricted much of the African American lives dictatingwhere they were legally allowed to go and designated places they should be in. Thefifteenth amendment was also passed, which states that no one can be kept from votingdespite their race, color or past servitude. It seems to nt wanted to lay down the basicrights for the African Americans of the time, but didnt want to give them to muchfreedom by restricting everything that they did. It seems it was much like probation to me,giving them a little slack to see what they would do with it, but still not really trustingthem. I think the restrictions on African Americans was a good thing however, with all ofthe hatred and discrimination against blacks that was going on at the time. Restrictingwhat they could do and segregating them from the whites was probably the best thing. This separation probably saved many of the newly freed slaves lives, the separation mostlikely reduced the amount of disputes and violent eruptions between the two races ofpeople. In the end, although the laws may have seemed like they failed or brought grief tothe newly freed slaves, I feel the laws saved lives, and yet gave the African Americans anew feeling that they were a part of their country and mattered because they able to vote. I happen to think the laws passed to protect the rights of freed slaves were a success.

Thermoforming Essays (785 words) - Packaging, Thermoforming

Thermoforming THERMOFORMING Thermoforming is one of many manufacturing processes that converts plastic resin into usable everyday products. Thermoforming is greatly relied on in today's society because of the tremendous need for high volume plastic products. Thermoforming is considered to be one of the most cost-effective processes in plastics manufacturing. Thermoforming is considerably economical because of the low molding costs and fast molding cycles. Speed and cost efficiency are the highlighted qualities that thermoforming offers which lead the way for the process becoming so important in industry today. The basic concept of thermoforming is quite simple. A premanufactored thermoplastic sheet is heated until it becomes soft and pliable. It is then forced against the contours of a mold until it cools to its original state. Once it has cooled it is removed from the mold while still obtaining the shape of the mold. Usually the product is then trimmed to produce the finished product. The operation seems simple and straight foreword but there are many different applications associated with the process. Thermoforming is a broad term; there are many different types of thermoforming processes. These processes all have similar traits but they do differ in certain aspects of the overall process. Trapped Sheet Forming is a specialized type of thermoforming. In trapped sheet forming a hot blow plate is used in both the heating and forming process. A plastic sheet is positioned between the hot blow plate and the female mold cavity. Air forced through the plate and pressure from the female mold combine to thrust the sheet onto the hot plate. The sheet is then heated and forced into the female mold by the use of air pressure. One advantage to trapped sheet forming that is such a simplified process that many products can be produced from this method. Also the process uses contact heating, which is easily used and is not subject to temperature fluctuation. The contact heating is a definite advantage but is also a slight disadvantage. The problem with contact heating is that heat can only be applied to the underside of the sheet. This slows down the process and restricts the use of the more durable heavier -gauge sheets. Plug-assist forming is one of the most widely used thermoforming processes today. In plug-assist forming a heated sheet is sealed over a female cavity. Once the plastic is sufficiently heated the plug-assist, which is shaped like the female cavity but slightly smaller in size, pushes the plastic sheet and forces it in the cavity. Vacuum force pulls the sheet onto the mold surface. The main advantage associated with plug-assist forming is that the walls of the container can be measured precisely with the assist. Wall thickness is uniformly the same throughout the container. Plug-assist forming works well with both heavy and light gauge materials and is commonly used to form deep-drawn containers. Pressure bubble plug-assist vacuum forming is similar to plug-assist forming. In this forming process a portion of the sheet is stretched to guarantee an even thickness of walls. The heated sheet is positioned over the female cavity. Air is then blown up through the base plate channel. This air causes the sheet to billow upward. The sheet is then pushed into the cavity by the plug-assist. Vacuum is then applied to transport the sheet to the mold. The advantage to this forming technique is that the wall thickness can be measured with great accuracy. This process, as with plug-assist forming, is used to create deep-drawn containers. Pressure bubble snapback forming is similar to bubble plug-assist forming except for one aspect. The plastic sheet is not formed by the female mold but rather the male mold. The sheet is snapped back to form against the male mold. This forming process improves material distribution because of its prestrecthing procedures. The snapback vacuum forming method is popular because of its simplified process. A sheet is clamped over a female cavity, air pressure through the base plate then stretches the plastic. The pressure is then turned off while the vacuum is turned on to pull the plastic into the mold. This process is widely used to produce auto parts and luggage due to its ability to create external deep draws. It works well with all medium

Free Essays on Wendys And The Fast Food Industry

Wendy’s International & The Fast Food Industry Introduction and Background: Founded in 1969 in Dublin, Ohio, by Dave Thomas, Wendy’s International has grown to be one of the leading companies in the restaurant industry. As of the year 2003, Wendy’s has over 8,000 restaurants worldwide, including more than 3,500 Tim Hortons and 800 Baja Fresh restaurants, which are two companies that Wendy’s owns (Milton, 2003, p. 1). Currently Wendy’s is the third largest fast food chain in the world behind only McDonalds and Burger King (â€Å"Industry Surveys,† 2003, p. 8). This is an interesting company to look at because of the respectable growth Wendy’s has attained while other leading restaurants have faltered. Wendy’s has been able capture market share from historically invincible rivals through better service and a higher quality product. A concern that would keep Wendy’s CEO up at night is if Wendy’s will be able to continue to be innovative and outperform rivals, or will Wendy’s fall victim to the problems that face their competitors from growing to big and losing a sense of consumer demand. The main issue to look at is if Wendy’s can take advantage of McDonald’s and Burger King’s recent troubles in order to become the number one fast food restaurant in the world. The External Environment The external environment has a profound effect, both positively and negatively, on the restaurant industry. Firms have no control over the external environment, but they do have the ability to alter their strategies in order to take advantage of opportunities and to prepare for threats. In the demographic segment, an opportunity that restaurants could exploit is the fact that the baby boom generation, who were the first generation to grow up with fast food, is getting older and has more money to spend on food. Another demographic opportunity is the ever-increasing Hispanic population, which could influence restaur... Free Essays on Wendy's And The Fast Food Industry Free Essays on Wendy's And The Fast Food Industry Wendy’s International & The Fast Food Industry Introduction and Background: Founded in 1969 in Dublin, Ohio, by Dave Thomas, Wendy’s International has grown to be one of the leading companies in the restaurant industry. As of the year 2003, Wendy’s has over 8,000 restaurants worldwide, including more than 3,500 Tim Hortons and 800 Baja Fresh restaurants, which are two companies that Wendy’s owns (Milton, 2003, p. 1). Currently Wendy’s is the third largest fast food chain in the world behind only McDonalds and Burger King (â€Å"Industry Surveys,† 2003, p. 8). This is an interesting company to look at because of the respectable growth Wendy’s has attained while other leading restaurants have faltered. Wendy’s has been able capture market share from historically invincible rivals through better service and a higher quality product. A concern that would keep Wendy’s CEO up at night is if Wendy’s will be able to continue to be innovative and outperform rivals, or will Wendy’s fall victim to the problems that face their competitors from growing to big and losing a sense of consumer demand. The main issue to look at is if Wendy’s can take advantage of McDonald’s and Burger King’s recent troubles in order to become the number one fast food restaurant in the world. The External Environment The external environment has a profound effect, both positively and negatively, on the restaurant industry. Firms have no control over the external environment, but they do have the ability to alter their strategies in order to take advantage of opportunities and to prepare for threats. In the demographic segment, an opportunity that restaurants could exploit is the fact that the baby boom generation, who were the first generation to grow up with fast food, is getting older and has more money to spend on food. Another demographic opportunity is the ever-increasing Hispanic population, which could influence restaur...

Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography Essay pic What was the significance of the French Revolution? pic Prashant Sabapathi World History II Mrs. Boyle What was the significance of the French Revolution? Atkinson, Phillip. The French Revolution The Start of the Decline of Western Civilization. French Revolution January 25, 2004. http://www. ourcivilisations.com (accessed October 27, 2004). I used this source as my internet source. The information in the source seems to be written in a scholarly way; however, there is nothing on this article that can lead me to think that all the information that the author gives is credible. The website has a .com ending rather than a . org or .edu ending, which leads me to think that it did not come from a scholarly university. This website is just a website that I found using a regular search engine. I did not get it from an encyclopedia search engine, so the source does not have a well-known or scholarly author. A valid reason to question the credibility of this source is the author. The author is not well known, which means I couldnt trust all the information that he provided. The content of the article seemed to be pretty good, and the article had more than three pages of information. Most of this information pertained to my hypothesis. However, it was unclear to me whether or not the information provided in this article was credible or not. Overall, I think that this article had a lot of information, but I would not use it because I question its credibility. Bentley, Jerry H., and Herbert F. Ziegler. Traditions and Encounters. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw Hill 2003. I used this textbook as my source. This book is filled with information on World History. I found a section that was about six pages long on the French Revolution. We use it in history class, so I know it is highly credible. This source was good because it not only had a lot of information about the French Revolution, but it also had maps and pictures to compliment the information. Both authors, Jerry H. Bentley and Herbert F. Ziegler are well-known authors. I know this because I typed each of their names in a search engine and both of them came up with many results that relate to different World History books. Overall, I thought this was an extremely good source because of the amount of information and pictures it contained. Bentley, Jerry H., and Herbert F. Ziegler. Traditions and Encounters. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw Hill 2003 pic This is a great picture that I found in the Bentley Ziegler textbook. I am using this map as my visual. This map indicates the different territories that were owned by different countries during the time of the French Revolution. This somewhat relates to my thesis because it shows which colonies had more land. Having more land led to be a better fighting force. Both authors from this book are very credible because they are very well known. I found this out by searching for each of them on the internet. I found each of their names on websites about World History books. Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1972. I used this book as one of my primary sources. I used it as one of my primary sources because this book had a letter written by Edmund Burke in it. I found this book at Howard Community College. I asked a librarian if Anchor Press was a credible source, and she said that it was. This book contained the events and experiences that occurred to Edmund Burke during the French Revolution. In this book, Burke is reflecting on what happened during the Revolution. This book was about one hundred pages in length. I thought this book was a great source, because it was full of information about what it was like to participate in such an event. an Irish born political thinker who played a prominent part in political issues for approximately thirty years, from 1765 to 1795. He passed away in 1797. Jules, Michelet. History of the French Revolution. Edited by Gordan Wright Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. I used this book as one of my general sources. I found this book in the reference section of the Howard Community College Library. This book was published within the last twenty years, and it was published at a well- known University. This led me to believe that this source was extremely credible. .

2.In the past the body was seen by managers simply as a tool of Essay

2.In the past the body was seen by managers simply as a tool of labour, whereas more contemporary approaches see workers bodies and emotions as largely aesthetic resources. Discuss - Essay Example omoting the organizational culture and principles that enhance the management and the production in the part of labor force (Anderson 1999, P.58). In the past management have been viewed as fully impacted for managers to implement the processes of management which to some extent have, added as the object of only inculcating the labor as a tool of production. This has shrunk the workforce in the organizations, as they do not have an open platform to express their views in an open and amicable way. The collective bargaining power and the ability to set a binding agreement by the management have been paralyzed. However, despite the above challenges the improvements, which are sound and amicable with the sense of improving the welfare of the workers, have been put into place. This serves to be the primary liaison with the various employees union to make the daily running of the organizations’ to be in the right context and sound order. The emotion running of an organizational setup brings a mixed perception of the organization as this brings the subjective of the biological and the psychological reactions of the individual’s mental health. Emotion being is a conscious experience that drives an individual’s way of reaction depending on the presented situation. The emotional setup of an individual drives the mood and temperament of a person and the emotion largely determines the personality of a person. The behavioral and the emotional aspect of a person help to determine the specific functional role carried by an individual in the management of the organization. The issue of the many companies lacking the human resource management department leads to the organization allocating a wider range of responsibilities to the managers. The aligned duties to the mangers to carry out the peoples management activities brings a mixed reactions since the workload depends on a single individual who can inject perso nal

Business,Government and Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business,Government and Ethics - Case Study Example The petitioners are claiming that these policies are likely to affect the operations of broadcasters. For an instant, the incentive auction rules that Sinclair and NEB are protesting about. Other issues by the TV stations are on joint sale agreements and the interests that are accrued from such agreements. The policies on joint sale agreement has been so stringent in that the commission wants to regulated the issue of multiple-ownership of the various media or broadcasting stations more so those owned by foreigners. Concerning this issue on ownership, the agency is strictly basing its augments that the operations of the stations should be aimed at the interest of the public. The other problem that has surfaced is the issue of reform contest rules run by the broadcasting stations. The stations are required to avail or rather disclose their materials through the internet. These challenges that the commission face has significantly affected the public, specific businesses, the communication and media industry, government institutions, and also the enactment of future policies. These issues are still pending in courts since the courts have not made their rulings. In fact, it is anticipated that the courts will make their rulings in 2016. However, in the judicial proceeding, the commission has solely relied on protecting the interest of the public in its arguments as well as the need to protect consumers. The advantage of these cases is that suppose the court will rule in favor of the commission then it will illuminate that the commission has bridged the gaps that existed in earlier cases where their regulatory mandates had suffered through judicial rulings. Consequences of the cases are that the commission is likely to be strengthened in its efforts to provide regulatory oversight to companies in the communication and telecommunication sector of the country. For example, they will have the legal authority to determine interests that emanate

Telephone Conversation Essay Example for Free

Telephone Conversation Essay Telephone Conversation, by Wole Soyinka is about racism; more specifically, it is about the way people both white and black fail to communicate clearly about matters of race. The narrator of the poem describes a telephone conversation in which he reaches a deal with a landlady to rent an apartment. He feels that he must let her know that he is black: Nothing remained But self-confession. Madam, I warned,I hate a wasted journey—I am African. This is where the lapses in communication begin. The landladys first response is, Silence. Silenced transmission of / Pressurized good breeding. She next asks the ridiculous question, How Dark? Are  you  light/or  very  dark? The narrator is dumbfounded. Instead of telling her, â€Å"Its none of your business†, or simply, â€Å"Lets forget about the apartment†, he offers a cryptic response: â€Å"West African sepia. † When the landlady asks for clarification, the narrator only confuses matters further: â€Å"Facially, I am brunette, but, madam, you should see The rest of me. Palm of my hand, soles of my feet Are a peroxide blond. He makes matters even worse by saying that friction has somehow turned his buttocks raven black. This poem uses a lot of irony and sarcasm. The poet mainly uses irony in three places. The first tone of irony is sensed when the man confesses that he is an African. When describing the lady, the poet uses a lot of sarcastic language. Irony is lastly used when the man describes himself to the woman. The last line of the poem also leaves a sense of mystery in the reader. Wole Soyinka brings out a great use of irony in this poem. In this poem, the narrator is describe being genuinely apologetic for his skin color, even though he has no reason to be sorry for something which he was born with and has no control over. we can also see that the narrator is an intelligent person by his use of high diction and quick wit. The landlady is also describe as racist. The poem reminds me of the Bible verse: Do to other what you would have them to you, Luke 6:31. If you want to be annoyed, then annoy other people, like in the poem the landlady was the first to annoy the narrator and in the end the narrator annoy the landlady.

Genes Coming of Age in A Separate Peace Essay -- Separate Peace Essay

Gene's Coming of Age in A Separate Peace      Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel, A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, is the coming of age story of Gene Forrester. This novel is a flashback to the year 1943, when Gene is attending Devon School during his senior year and the summer before it. "Gene's youth and inexperience make him ill-equipped to deal with situations that require maturity" (Overview: A Separate Peace 2). However, Gene is a follower of Finny and therefore gains experiences that provoke his development into adulthood. Some of these experiences include: breaking Finny's leg, training for the 1944 Olympics, and killing Finny. Through these three experiences Gene is forced to grow out of his childish-self and become a man.    Gene jounces a limb of the tree he and Finny were standing on, causing Finny to fall and break his leg. Gene's jealousy of Finny's perfection causes him to have childish feelings of resentment and hatred. After Finny's leg was broken, Gene realized "that there never was and never could have been any rivalry between" (Knowles 51) him and Finny. Gene looked at himself and became conscious of what a terrible, self-absorbed friend he had been. Understanding there was no competition caused him to discard the majority of his feelings of jealousy. Getting rid of these feelings made him grow-up because he was no longer spending countless hours believing a childish game was being played between Finny and him. Gene began to understand more of Finny's goodness and love towards all, making him strive to be more like Finny.    When Finny trains Gene for the 1944 Olympics, Gene becomes more mature. Through Finny's coaching of Gene, Gene acquires many characteristics of the already grown-up Fi... ... age of Gene Forrester. Because Finny causes Gene to grow up, we are able to realize that one must grow up to move on in life. In that process of growing up, several people impact your life. This novel shows us how our identity is basically created by those who are present in our lives; however we must not measure our abilities against another person (Overview: A Separate Peace 2). We are shown how the impact of one person can make a great difference. The goodness in people is what one should always take away from a relationship. This is shown in the relationship between Gene and Finny. The experiences Finny gives Gene cause him to grow up and become a better person because of them.    Sources Bryant, Hallman. A Separate Peace: the War Within. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co, 1990. Knowles, John. A Separate Peace. New York: Macmillan, 1961.      

What Factors Do You Think Make Some Organizations Ineffective at Managing Emotions?

Submit your posts to the Case Study Discussion for Module 3. Read the Case Incident 1, â€Å"Is It Okay to Cry at Work† on p. 124 of your textbook. Post a response to one of the questions listed at the end of the case study that has not been previously addressed by another group member. This initial posting is due by February 8, 2013 at 11:30 pm CST. Next, respond and build on a posting made by two of your group members. This follow- up postings are due by February 10, 2013at 11:30 pm CST. The rubric for grading this assignment can be viewed in the syllabus and your grade will appear in the ‘Grades' section of Blackboard. Questions 2.Do you think the strategic use and display of emotions serve to protect employees, or does covering your true emotions at work lead more problems than it solves? 3. Have you enter worked where emotions were used as part of a management style? Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this approach in your experience. 4. Research shows tha t acts of co-workers (37 percent) and management (22 percent) cause more negative emotions for employees than do acts of customers (7 percent). What can Laura’s company do to change its emotional climate? 1. What factors do you think make some organizations ineffective at managing emotions?There are many factors that make organizations ineffective with managing emotions in the workplace. Human beings complex thinking is one of the factors that make the organizations hard to manage the emotions. Every person is different and has his/her own emotions (Robbins 2013, p. 160). Each person may not act in the same way in a same situation due to cultural background (Robbins 2013, p. 162). Therefore, organizations face difficulties when they are dealing with their employee’s emotions. This is becoming a problem when the organization is very large and contains many employees from different background.In addition, sometimes the top managers of the organization cannot control thei r own emotions as well. On the other hand, organizations are unable to relate to their employees, and their lack of constant contact with their staff can be other factor. By keeping strong connections with workforce, organizations can ensure that emotions and moods are up-beat and energetic. It is important to be in constant contact with employees and make sure they feel comfortable to communicate to their managers anything and everything on their mind.Some of the organizations have not practiced the suitable business culture. For example, they will yell and shout at the employees when things go wrong just like the second case mentioned. This shows that some of the organizations still do not concern to manage the emotions effectively. This is due to factors such as: the inability to read emotions of employees and managers, An organization needs to make sure they keep strong connections with their workforce to ensure that emotions and moods are up-beat and energetic.Next, it’s important to remember that bottling up your true inner emotions and keeping them to yourself, will only make things worse. Organizations need to be in constant contact with employees and make sure they feel comfortable telling managers anything and everything on their mind. When I worked at IBM, they would call in each employee individually to the manager’s office every month for a â€Å"check-in† appointment. This is where managers would get very friendly with employees so that we would tell them what was going good, what was going bad, and our thoughts on the current tasks at hand.I learned that the staff would look forward to these monthly meetings and would relay a lot of useful information to the managers during this time. Even though organizations want employees to relay their true emotions, I don’t think crying at work is acceptable. This is an emotion that should be saved for home due to the fact that it could hurt your image and current position at wor k. When I say crying at work is unacceptable, I don’t mean that employees should bottle up their emotions.There is a time and place for everything and I believe you should save the crying for home and confront your manager alone in a professional way once your†¦ 1. What factors do you think make some organizations ineffective at managing emotions? Firstly, I think that the complex human thinking is one of the factors that make the organizations hard to manage the emotions. Every person has his or her own emotions. Although in a same situation, they may not act in the same way. Thus, the organizations face difficulties when they are dealing with their employees.This problem is even becoming worse when the organization is very large and contains many employees from different background. Furthermore, the authority of an organization sometimes finds out they themselves cannot control their own emotions as well. Besides, due to the business culture and etiquette which are sti ll remain poorly in some of the organizations, it becomes a problem for the organizations to manage the emotions effectively. Some of the organizations have not practiced the suitable business culture.For example, they will yell and shout at the employees when things go wrong just like the second case mentioned. This shows that some of the organizations still do not concern to manage the emotions effectively. Moreover, emotions are automatic physiological responses to the environment. It will be very hard for one to control his or her emotions by hiding their true feelings within their heart. It revealed automatically. Even people that are trying to cover their true emotions can be discovered from their facial expression.Thus, this is not the fault that the organisations cannot manage the emotions effectively. This is because it is not an easy work to control the emotions of whole organisations. 2. Do you think the strategic use and display of emotions serve to protect employees, or does covering your true emotions at work lead to more problems than it solves? By covering one's emotions can sometimes ensure a work to be done perfectly. However, people that are always covering their own emotions will always find themselves in a stressful situation and they are very hard to communicate with others.Consequently, that kind of people can be easily frustrated and lose their confidence in their jobs. Problems such as unsatisfied towards the jobs, depression, low job performance and so on will then arise. At the end, it creates more problems than what it wants to solve at first. Through the strategic use and display of emotions, the employees can express their emotions in a manner way. They have to know the ways to control their emotions even though†¦ http://www. scribd. com/doc/127040062/Case-Study-Discussion-Module-3

Creative writing in non-fiction Essay

Creative nonfiction (also known as literary or narrative nonfiction) is that branch of writing which employs literary Styles, techniques and artistic vision usually associated with fiction or poetry to create factually accurate narratives on actual persons and events. Creative nonfiction contrasts with other nonfiction, such as technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in accurate fact, but is not primarily written in service to its craft. It is a hybrid of literature and non-fiction because it comprises of Non-fiction elements and Literary elements which are essay form, story/narration, explanation/exposition, place/scene/setting, standard rhetorical patterns, characterization, focuses on ideas, facts (not only language),author personally engaged, researched facts, literary voice/feel, artistic, instinctual, polished language. The primary goal of the creative nonfiction writer is to communicate information, just like a reporter, but to shape it in a way that reads like fiction. As a genre, creative nonfiction is still relatively young, and is only beginning to be scrutinized with the same critical analysis given to fiction and poetry. Though only recently identified and taught as a distinct and separate literary genre, the roots of creative nonfiction run deeply into literary tradition and history though has been in use as earlier as 1970s but was originally made official in the year 1983 in the United States of America at a meeting convened by the National Endowment for the Arts to deal with the question of what, exactly, to call the genre as a category for the NEA’s creative writing fellowships. The NEA long recognized the art of nonfiction but has been trying to find a way to describe the category so writers would understand what kind of work to submit for consideration. â€Å"Essay† is the term used to describe this â€Å"artful† nonfiction, but it didn’t really capture the essence of the genre for the NEA or lots of other folks experimenting in the field. Technically, scholars, critics, and academics of all sorts, as well as newspaper op-ed reporters, were writing â€Å"essays,† although that was not the kind of work the It had in mind. â€Å"Journalism† didn’t fit the category, either, although the anchoring element of the best creative nonfiction requires an aspect of reportage. For a while the It experimented with â€Å"belles-lettres,† a misunderstood term that favors style over substance and did not capture the personal essence and foundation of the literature they were seeking. Eventually one of the NEA members in the meeting that day pointed out that a rebel in his English department was campaigning for the term â€Å"creative nonfiction. † That rebel was Professor Lee Gutkind. Forms within this genre are personal essays, memoir, travel writing, food writing, biography, literary journalism, and other hybridized essays. Personal essay is often a free-wheeling device of self-expression. If you ever want to experiment with prose and with loosened structure, this is where you can do it. A memoir is a piece of autobiographical writing, usually shorter in nature than a comprehensive autobiography. The memoir, especially as it is being used in publishing today, often tries to capture certain highlights or meaningful moments in one’s past, often including a contemplation of the meaning of that event at the time of the writing of the memoir. The memoir may be more emotional and concerned with capturing particular scenes, or a series of events, rather than documenting every fact of a person’s life (Zuwiyya, N. 2000). Literary journalism refers to the use of fictional techniques in writing a work of nonfiction. In other words, it’s a true, well-researched, journalistically-sound story that might normally be written in a dry newspaper manner that has been instead written with style, vivid description, and narrative flow that immerses the reader in the story. The quality of the writing used to tell the story is just as important as telling the truth of the story. Narrative history is the practice of writing history in a story-based form. It can be divided into two subgenres: the traditional narrative and the modern narrative. Traditional narrative focuses on the chronological order of history; it is event driven and tends to center upon individuals, action, and intention. Modern narrative typically focuses on structures and general trends. A modern narrative would break from rigid chronology if the historian felt it explained the concept better. Docufiction (often understood as docudrama) is a neologism which refers to a cinematographic work in a genre mixing fiction and documentary. Docudrama is wrongly used as a synonym of docufiction, confusing drama with fiction. The use of docufiction is common in television, consisting in illustrating facts or events with actors. The term docudrama is apter in this sense. The term docufiction is sometimes used to refer to literary journalism (creative nonfiction). Controversies over the legitimacy of creative nonfiction, both as a term and as a genre; flares up regularly, perhaps even annually. In recent years, several well-publicized incidents within the United States have called into question the truthfulness and factual standards of creative nonfiction. Given its different styles and characteristics, it is not held to the same journalistic ethics and standards as direct reporting or news publications. Its allowances of artistic license to authors are not standardized, and some have accused writers of glorification of interpretation, and even of fabrication. A recent example of these incidents is the James Frey controversy in regards to his memoir A Million Little Pieces, published in 2003. In his memoir, Frey claimed to certain experiences (claim to have helped a high school friend sneak out with her boyfriend on the night she died in a car wreck. But, according to thesmokinggun. com, police reports and the girl’s family indicate Frey had nothing to do with the tragedy. ), which purported to be a memoir but contained fictionalized events, is unmasked in 2006. Such scandals seem to inspire frenzies among literary and cultural critics, an excuse for predictable (but nevertheless often satisfying) expressions of Schadenfreude and sanctimonious pronouncements about Truth in Art. Writers are warned to not be too cre ¬ative with weaving their stories, however. If you add characters, dialogue, invent scenes and alter facts, you moved to the realm of historical fic ¬tion, a noble genre but still, fiction. Lee Gutkind, an English professor at the University of Pittsburgh, credited as the founder of the creative non-fiction movement. â€Å"There’s this research aspect of creative non-fiction (Ethics of Literary Non-fiction) that you can’t get away from — that a lot of writers try to skip over or do without. † Authors seem to be getting the emotional aspects of a nonfiction topic across successfully. Many authors try to carry the emotion with anthropomor ¬phism or an abundance of exclamation points, rather than building the story in such a way that the natural drama of it comes through. Sometimes, the descriptive language is not as strong as it could be. Nonfiction authors are more likely to use a simple, somewhat familiar description rather than searching for a more evocative, unique way of saying the same thing. Works Cited Gutkind, Lee (2007). The Best Creative Nonfiction, Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton, xi. ISBN 0393330036. Johnson, E. L. ; Wolfe, Tom (1975). The New Journalism. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0330243152 Wyatt, Edward. â€Å"Best-Selling Memoir Draws Scrutiny†, The New York Times, 2006-01-10. Anderson, Chris (1989). Literary nonfiction: theory, criticism, pedagogy. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, xix-x. ISBN 0809314053. Nancy E. Zuwiyya, School Library Journal, Fox’s work, Colombia, Heinemann Library (Chicago, IL), 2000

De-Extinction - The Resurrection of Extinct Animals

De-Extinction - The Resurrection of Extinct Animals Theres a new buzzword that has been making the rounds of trendy tech conferences and environmental think tanks: de-extinction. Thanks to ongoing advances in DNA recovery, replication and manipulation technology, as well as the ability of scientists to recover soft tissue from fossilized animals, it may soon be possible to breed Tasmanian Tigers, Woolly Mammoths and Dodo Birds back into existence, presumably undoing the wrongs that mankind inflicted on these gentle beasts in the first place, hundreds or thousands of years ago. The Technology of De-Extinction Before we get into the arguments for and against de-extinction, its helpful to look at the current state of this rapidly developing science. The crucial ingredient of de-extinction, of course, is DNA, the tightly wound molecule that provides the genetic blueprint of any given species. In order to de-extinct, say, a Dire Wolf, scientists would have to recover a sizable chunk of this animals DNA, which is not so far-fetched considering that Canis dirus only went extinct about 10,000 years ago and various fossil specimens recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits have yielded soft tissue. Wouldnt we need all of an animals DNA in order to bring it back from extinction? No, and thats the beauty of the de-extinction concept: the Dire Wolf shared enough of its DNA with modern canines that only certain specific genes would be required, not the entire Canis dirus genome. The next challenge, of course, would be to find a suitable host to incubate a genetically engineered Dire Wolf fetus; presumably, a carefully prepared Great Dane or Grey Wolf female would fit the bill. There is another, less messy way to de-extinct a species, and thats by reversing thousands of years of domestication. In other words, scientists can selectively breed herds of cattle to encourage, rather than suppress, primitive traits (such as an ornery rather than a peaceful disposition), the result being a close approximation of an Ice Age Auroch. This technique could conceivably even be used to de-breed canines into their feral, uncooperative Grey Wolf ancestors, which may not do much for science but would certainly make dog shows more interesting. This, by the way, is the reason virtually no one seriously talks about de-extincting animals that have been extinct for millions of years, like dinosaurs or marine reptiles. Its difficult enough to recover viable fragments of DNA from animals that have been extinct for thousands of years; after millions of years, any genetic information will be rendered completely irrecoverable by the fossilization process. Jurassic Park aside, dont expect anyone to clone a Tyrannosaurus Rex in your or your childrens lifetime! Arguments in Favor of De-Extinction Just because we may, in the near future, be able to de-extinct vanished species, does that mean we should? Some scientists and philosophers are very bullish on the prospect, citing the following arguments in its favor: We can undo humanitys past mistakes. In the 19th century, Americans who didnt know any better slaughtered Passenger Pigeons by the millions; generations before, the Tasmanian Tiger was driven to near-extinction by European immigrants to Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania. Resurrecting these animals, this argument goes, would help reverse a huge historical injustice.We can learn more about evolution and biology. Any program as ambitious as de-extinction is certain to produce important science, the same way the Apollo moon missions helped usher in the age of the personal computer. We may potentially learn enough about genome manipulation to cure cancer or extend the average humans life span into the triple digits.We can counter the effects of environmental depredation. An animal species isnt important only for its own sake; it contributes to a vast web of ecological interrelationships and makes the entire ecosystem more robust. Resurrecting extinct animals may be just the therapy our planet needs in this age of global warming and human overpopulation. Arguments Against De-Extinction Any new scientific initiative is bound to provoke a critical outcry, which is often a knee-jerk reaction against what critics consider fantasy or bunk. In the case of de-extinction, though, the naysayers may have a point, as they maintain that: De-extinction is a PR gimmick that detracts from real environmental issues. What is the point of resurrecting the Gastric-Brooding Frog (to take just one example) when hundreds of amphibian species are on the brink of succumbing to the chytrid fungus? A successful de-extinction may give people the false, and dangerous, impression that scientists have solved all of our environmental problems.A de-extincted creature can only thrive in a suitable habitat. Its one thing to gestate a Saber-Toothed Tiger fetus in a Bengal tigers womb; its quite another to reproduce the ecological conditions that existed 100,000 years ago when these predators ruled Pleistocene North America. What will these tigers eat, and what will be their impact on existing mammal populations?Theres usually a good reason why an animal went extinct in the first place. Evolution can be cruel, but its never wrong. Human beings hunted Woolly Mammoths to extinction over 10,000 years ago; whats to keep us from repeating histor y? De-Extinction: Do we have a choice? In the end, any genuine effort to de-extinct a vanished species will probably have to win the approval of the various government and regulatory agencies, a process that might take years, especially in our current political climate. Once introduced into the wild, it can be difficult to keep an animal from spreading into unexpected niches and territoriesand, as mentioned above, not even the most far-sighted scientist can gauge the environmental impact of a resurrected species. One can only hope that, if de-extinction goes forward, it will be with a maximal amount of care and planning and healthy regard for the law of unintended consequences.

Failure of Chinas Cultural Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Failure of Chinas Cultural Revolution - Essay Example The Red Guards generation benefited from neither Maoist socialism nor Dengist reform. Mao's revolution abandoned them, sweeping them out of urban centers; Deng's reform left them on the sidelines when China moved to embrace the market. In Mao's era, the Red Guards generation was the poorest of all poor Chinese, living at the lowest income level. This poverty impeded they are exploiting the opportunities of Deng's reforms. The increasing costs of economic reform often started with them, further diminishing their capacity for competing in the market. Mao's revolution made them poor, forcing them to live a terrible life without economic liberty or any chance of improvement. It was even more painful when Deng's reform left them poor while Deng's regime glorified the rich (Tsou, 1996). Ever since they had been forced into society, they had been living on an income that only kept body and soul together. For those in the cities, working life began with an apprenticeship in factories, at 18 Yuan a month. When Deng's reform began, they had climbed to the second lowest grade of China's eight-grade salary system for workers, having a monthly salary of less than 40 Yuan. In the 1970s and early 1980s, this salary allowed them some small savings, but it often took them 1 or 2 years before they could buy a Shanghai-produced watch or bicycle, each priced at around 150 Yuan. Of those who went to the countryside, a minority was assigned to the military-imitated 'farming corps'. (Dutton, 2004)They first lived on a monthly subsidy of about 15 Yuan and later, when they had to pay for their own food, on a stipend system with '285 dimes' a month, as one sent-down youth mocked it. The majority had been forced into the villages and lived on a 'points system'  Ã‚  of people's communes. If a sent-down youth became a ten-points laborer (the highest rank), his (or her) 1-day work in most areas was valued at 30-50 cents on the village's account. If he worked over 330 days, at the end of t he year he might get 40-60 Yuan after the deduction of the costs of the grain and other agricultural products he had received during the year. In a few areas ten-points a day was worth over 1 Yuan, but in many areas ten-points a day was worth 20, 10 or only 7 cents. Even worse, the sent-down youths were often not regarded as ten-points laborers. (Yang, 1997) Those in the cities were among the poorest because they were at the bottom of the urban salary ladder that was framed on seniority. Those in the 'farming corps' were among the poorest because they were treated as the lowest ranked 'farming soldiers' (bingtuan Shashi), while others in their 'corps' were either 'farming officers' or 'farming workers', living on a slightly higher salary.

Age regression - use of dermabrasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Age regression - use of dermabrasion - Essay Example The goal of dermabrasion is to reduce surface imperfections caused by such problems as acne scars and lessening surface markings due to aging. Ms. Jones sole purpose in having this procedure performed is entirely to fight of the aging effects that are occurring on her skin.The stratum basal layer is considered the "germative layer" (Wang, C.R., 2005), "since all of the mitotic (cell-multiplying) activity of the epidermis occurs in the basal layer" (Wang, C.R., 2005) The surgeon would only remove the "damaged outer layers of skin, or the epidermis layer of the two mutually dependent layers". (Revis, Don, 2005)"The intradermal epithelial structures, such as sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles, are lined with epithelial cells with the potential for division and differentiation". (Revis, Don, 2005) can also regenerate skin in a limited fashion.A minimal amount of bleeding occurs only due to the dermoepidermal junction being breached and the plane of dermabrading reaches th e papillary dermis, a uniform bleeding from punctate sites over a smooth, shiny surface occurs". (Revis, Don, 2005) If the planning does, in fact, reach deeper "papillary dermis, bleeding becomes more voluminous and the surface has a rougher appearance. Although each site bleeds only minimally, the multitude of bleeding sites can result in considerable blood loss." (Revis, Don, 2005) Therefore, the importance and degree of dermabrasion can be a hazard, but, is not something that one can succumb to.

Contomporary issue in accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Contomporary issue in accounting - Essay Example Therefore, the existence of the manager-stockholder conflict is undeniable and there are legal as well as business methods of resolving such conflicts. The range of conflicts may be as simple as the corporate social responsibility of the firm to as complex as ethical issues that come up when the management seeks to defraud or cheat its shareholders outright. An understand of such issues becomes important for all students of management, finance, and even sociology since many corporations of the world have budgets which exceed the budgets of sovereign nations in the world today. To better understand these issues, real world examples from companies such as Enron, Apple Inc. and GE would be necessary. Of these, the case of Enron stands as a prime example of what disasters can result when the management gives itself and the results it wants to have priority over the shareholders and stakeholders of the company. Enron had a problem of vision as described by Welch (2005). Enron was created in 1985 when Kenneth Lay’s small company named Houston Natural Gas was merged with the parent company of Nebraskan-Northern Natural Gas named InterNorth. The new entity was named Enron and before this merger, both firms were dealing with the distribution of oil as well as electric energy. They were also involved with the construction, expansion and the maintenance of power plants, pipelines and other similar energy related infrastructure (Thomas, 2002). Under the new company, Kenneth Lay became the Chief Executive Officer and his vision of the company was quite different from what the shareholders might have wanted at the time. This is because Lay wanted to expand the company rapidly into new markets while creating new markets from scratch as well. Of course a successful vision of the CEO would have meant increased value for the shareholders as the stock price would have been maximized and success of the company would have meant job

Upholding rights of Deaf and Mute Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Upholding rights of Deaf and Mute - Essay Example Up to the early 70s, deaf and mute children had to suffer from the lack of government efforts to extend to the deaf and mute community adequate opportunity to get the same level of education that the hearing is receiving.That meant more than one million children could not attend regular school and were forced to attend special schools that were not sanctioned by the government. That meant school fees went way above what they can afford, curriculum did not match what is required by government, and there was no way on how policies may be questioned. Since many of these families weren’t earning enough to send children to a special private school, they were left with no choice but to keep their children at home with no education. By mid the 70s, the congress finally became aware of this unfulfilled need. A series of laws were passed that were to provide the deaf and mute equal opportunity as the hearing. Different laws were enacted that covered the right that the deaf and mute sho uld have been enjoying in the first place. The following policies were set in place (Lane, 1996): †¢ Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Public Law 94-142 (the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act) require that every deaf and mute child be given the same opportunity as the hearing to attend regular public schools with all their needs being met †¢ The Public Law 94-142 was amended in 1986 by Public Law 99-457 to provide greater detail on ensuring that deaf and mute children enjoy the same privileges and opportunities as the hearing Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was put in place in 1990 to encompass all the laws and policies that pertain to upholding of the rights of the deaf and mute Despite these efforts, there remain a lot of disparities between what the law is promising and what is actually being provided by public schools. In 1992, the Department of Education started a nationwide review on how public schools are meeting the requirement of the law when it comes to the deaf and mute and hard of hearing. Part of the objective of the review was also to identify the root of the problem on why many deaf and mute and hard of hearing still end up uneducated despite the law’s assurance that they are to be accommodated by public schools (Karchmer, 2003). The Department of Education learned that th e biggest problem of the deaf and mute children that prevents them from getting the same opportunities as the hearing children is communication. Many of the public schools already accommodate deaf and mute children but are not providing these children with the same communication tools that are appropriate for their needs. The deaf and mute communication needs are highly specialised and, when unfulfilled, could be isolating. Worse, the absence of communication tool for the deaf and mute are making them perform poorly in school. It is affecting their ability to learn and develop their skills side by side other children. The deaf and mute and hard of hearing are also finding it difficult to develop relationships with their hearing classmate (Karchmer, 2003). More than one study has already testified that the transmission of knowledge outside of the classroom is critical in the growth of child and in the development of a child’s skills and abilities (Armstrong, 1994; Crossley, 20 00; Curry; 1983; Mills 1959). When there is not enough socialization and interaction outside of the school, confidence and self-esteem also don’t develop enough to give them the willingness to pursue careers that the hearing is able to pursue (Marjoribanks, 200). The Department of Education also discovered that many public schools are not interpreting that laws correctly that are leading to many deaf and mute children being rejected by many public schools. Public schools are imposing the same requirement from the deaf and mute

Automotive Industry: General Motors

Automotive Industry: General Motors General motors Introduction Since, from the industrial revolution the automotive industry has been playing an important role in the growth of economies throughout the world. In the 21st century, greater challenges were face by the industry. During this time, the industry undergoes fundamental changes. GM is one of the largest automotive corporations operating in over 70 countries with a presence in more than 200 countries, they have more than 260 major subsidiaries, and they have 395,000 employees working with them in worldwide that translate in to global opportunities that span the planet. On 1908, General motors was founded since then 1931 it has been the global automotive sales leader. Its founder was William c. Durant, James whiting promoted his automobile in 1904. In the present time, GM is having its manufacturing operations in 32 countries and their vehicles are selling in more than 190 countries. General Motors, is also involved in telecommunication, Aerospace, financial and insurance service, Defence, locomotives, automotive systems and Heavy Duty Automotive Transmissions. Here are some of the popular brands of GM such as Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, HUMMER, Opel and some more. The vision of Generals Motors is to be the world leader in transportation products and related services. In addition, to earn customers enthusiasm through continuous improvement driven by integrity, teamwork and the innovation of GM people. The General Motors company officially became general motors corporation on October 13, 1916. During the Second World War, for helping the allies to victory GM manufacture trucks, tanks, aircrafts and a variety of other military supplies. GM became a dominant force, in the post-war period, a position it would maintain for decades. The post -second war was the golden period for the GM, with a variety of innovations that continually boosted sales. During the 1950s, Chevrolet and Pontiac introduces V8 engine. The CHEV small block V8, it has become one of the longest-lived engine designs in automotive history. By the year 2015, GM is deciding to launch near about nine Hybrid models for sale in the U.S. The Automobile industry has to cope with many unpredictable changes over the next coming years and they can only survived by appropriate strategic planning and implementing them in most suitable way. Analysing the micro economic factors in GM General Motor is an American multinational corporation and is one of the worlds largest automobile companies. According to the NADA, GM total revenue in 2006 was 207.349 billion and in 2008, 182.347 billion and currently employs 284,000 people and their average sales per dealership is 31.9 billion. Key macroeconomic factors that affect GM and the automobile industry are as following Gross domestic products (GDP), Automobile manufacturers policies and prices, Weather peaks Recessions, and Telecommunications and technology Gross domestic product Thegross domestic product(GDP) orgross domestic income(GDI) is a basic measure of a countrys overall economic output. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year. The automobile manufacturing industry is one of the largest industries within the U.S., and is a vital engine for the U.S. economy contributing greatly to employment and productivity. Reports indicate that motor vehicle production represents over 5 % of the U.S. private sector GDP.The U.S. is the worlds largest producer and consumer of motor vehicles with production reaching 12.2 million units in 2002.The U.S. automotive industry continues to experience on-going organizational and technological change, and have taken steps to increase its global presence by expanding global alliances and seeking greater collaboration with other U.S. automakers. The Big Three U.S. automakers makeup approximately 76 % of U.S. passenger vehicle production, while Japanese automakers, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Isuzu represents 18 %, and European automakers, BMW and Mercedes (division of Daimler-Chrysler) make up nearly 2 %. If they stay off the job to the end of the month, then automotive output, instead of adding 0.1% to third quarter GDP, will subtract 0.2%. If automakers stick to their previously planned reduction in assemblies for the fourth quarter, that quarters GDP will be reduced by 0.5% (at an annual rate). If the UAW stays out through the first week of October, that drag becomes 0.8%. If theyre out for all of October, that drag becomes 1.7%. If UAW members at Ford and Chrysler also walk out and stay out through all of October, fourth quarter GDP would probably shrink. (Economists currently project GDP to grow 2.2% in the current quarter and 1.9% in the fourth, according to a survey by WSJ.com.) According to a Reuters report over 3-thousand U.S. car dealerships could fail this fall and into 2009. All this because of weak sales and customers unable to get the credit they need. However, on a local level one car dealer says things are different. Gross domestic product includes all goods and services produced by either citizen-supplied or foreign-supplied resources employed within the country. The automobile manufacturing industry is one of the largest industries within the U.S. and is a vital engine for the U.S. economy contributing greatly to employment and productivity. Reports indicate that motor vehicle production represents over 5% of the U.S. private sector GDP. Automotive dealerships like GM are required to make profits in order to support their operations. Automobile manufacturers policies and prices The policies and pricing strategy help automobile dealers to create the operating environment for their business. From the 2008 to 2010 we have seen a lot of fluctuation in policies and price due to global financial downturn. The crises have mostly affected the American automobile manufacturing industry. Energy crises from 2003 have lead to the higher price for the automotive fuels discouraging customers to buy sport utility vehicle (SUV) and pickup trucks, which have low fuel economy. As SUV and pickup trucks was the main focus of big American automobile companies like General Motors which have few fuel efficient models to offer to customs due to which sales began to slide and with the beginning of 2008 situation had turned critical as thecredit crunchplaced pressure on the prices ofraw materials. Most of the American turned to Japanese car more fuel-efficient creating competition and prices war making huge loss for the GM. GMs most of the production line had SUVs and large pickup truck which were more profitable than smaller cars, they would have 15% to 20% profit margin on SUVs and pickup trucks , compared to 3% or less on small fuel efficient cars. Gasoline price rose above $4 per gallon in 2008 most of the Americans stop buying big vehicles that collapse the sales and profitability of the GM.Robert Samuelsonhas advocated a more consistent energy policy, arguing, Wild swings between low and high fuel prices have crippled the U.S. industry by erratically shifting buyer preferences to and from SUVs. In 2008, financial crisis was playing its role stock prices were fallowing down and people were less interested in buying new cars, GM shares fell below 1946 levels creating a panic situation for all the major car manufactures. There was a ray of hope when oil prices fall to $33.87 per barrel on December 19, 2008, but that could help them recover as financial crisis continues even after that. The graph below is showing gasoline prices from January/ 03/ 2003 to November/03/ 2008. We can see how it was steadily going upwards from Jan 2008 when it was $ 28 per barrel until it reached $135 per barrel on July 2008 then going steeply down to$33.87 per barrel on December 2008. Oil prices has a invertible effect on the car sales if oil price is cheaper then sales of big cars will go up and if oil gets expensive sales of cars goes down, though there are also other factors responsible for that but oil prices is definitely one of the major factor. Polices Pension and Health Care Issues A report issued on behalf of the GM stated that an average cost of per car would increase by $1200 per vehicle because of their aging work forces, increase number of retirees and old age benefits and healthcare. This will indirectly affect the sales and prices of the vehicles. Currency Exchange Rates Exchange rate highly affects the automobile industry as many automobile suppliers are from china or any other country. GM have complained to Automotive Trade Policy Council that exchange market intervention by Japanese monetary authorities has frequently prevented market forces from appreciating the yen and thus make difficult for GM to compete against Imports from Japan. Fuel Economy and Emission Standards U.S government has develop higher fuel economy standards and emission standard for carbon dioxide and other green house gases that has highly effected the GM as it mostly produces SUV and other light trucks as it needs to change the design and to introduces new technology which is more clean and reliable. Broader Issues of Automotive Trade Policy As most of the foreign government has trade restrictions and polices that prevent the GM to enter in those country effecting its growth and expansition.GM with the help of the U.S government they are being trying to be active in WTO aimed in removing trade restrictions and policies. Such countries are Brazil, India, Indonesia and the Philippines as they have discriminatory policies so that they are able to promote domestic vehicle and develop national automotive development strategies. Weather peaks The highest selling seasons for automobile dealers are spring and summer. During the spring and summer, the optimism index rises 141% from the downfall incurred during the fall and winter months Recessions From the begin of the 2008 automobile industry was hit hard by the credit crunch specifically U.S market. There was a panic situation people were losing jobs, stocks were going down and customers would not prefer to buy cars on credit or loans even if would buy car that would be more of fuel efficient rather than the GM pickup trucks. According to the John Fleming, president and chief executive of Ford Europe Sales are going down and markets are softening. Means that they are not able to control the market and they cannot predict where it will lead them. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE GENERAL MOTOR SWOT analysis will help to analysis market positioning and identifying the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable for the GM to achieving its objective. Strengths Large market share The market share of GM in the US is plummeting, rather than shrink; it has expected that global car industry will grow radically in the end. Sales growth is expected to come from Middle East, Russia, China and India. While in US and Europe, manufacturing is currently strong. After what happen with the GM, China gave them a good market. The year of 2009 was very successful in China for GM. Plant and equipment The GM has its plants almost all over the world; some of them are US, China, India, Russia, Europe and so many. The US plant was the one of the largest vehicle seller in the world until 2008. They adapt change according to the market and situation, they uses some latest technologies to give the people what they want. One of the technologies that they are using now days for their plants is 3D laser scanning, it can commonly seen in construction sites, GM use it to reduce the development plant layout and design. 3D laser helps them to scan the whole facility, from the roof trusses down to the plant floor. It gives us a complete 3D image, which can be viewed by the automakers throughout the world. According to Bill Campbell, they have scanned an average of 2million ft.2 per facility. The most recent projects was in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. They also believes that using of layout data derived from 3D scanning reduced travel cost and less time wasted. Innovative According to the BCG- business week 2008 survey, GM was ranked in top 20 Innovations Company in the world. Onstar satellite technology, was developed in 1996 it have 3 million subscribers and is standard on all GM vehicles. This is the technology, which helps us while in emergency and theft. Weakness Behind on Alternative Energy Movement This is GMs one of the biggest weakness. Because, in the market GM was one-step behind from the competition of alternative energy/hybrid vehicles. This create many problems for GM, includes loss of market share and the companies profit was affected by this also. Organisational structure In GM, there was a lack of information between employees from top to bottom, and this was one of the causes of falling behind of the alternative energy movement. There was a communication problem between the employees and employer. Stagnant profitability As we know GM is struggling now a days to get back in to the position where the GM was. The ROE has significantly decreased over the recent years it is now 10% and the margin of the company is 1.5%. This is also one of the falling point of GM , because the shareholders was thinking about their shares so they were not pleased with this situation. US market dependent GM became too dependent on US market. This was one of the causes of the failure. GM has been ignoring the competition in 1960s GM controlled half of the North American vehicle market and the latest figure shows its only now 19%. Poor credit The US auto industry is in a big slump. GM bank account is shrinking by $1 billion a month. The issue is can general motor will be their where it was. Since from 1992, the market share has fallen from 34% that year to 19%. The company wasted around $2 billion on an investment of Fiat and many billions on the Delphi. The management also wrecked GMAC its car loan subsidiary, by lending money to people who could not pay it back. Opportunity Globally expanding GM is the strong company with high quality production and has a range of new exciting products, which they can represent internationally. They need to inflate into the new markets and expand internationally. Many new countries have started free trade policies GM needs to explore these countries such as India and china, as its been assumed that within coming years Asia will be the biggest market for the car industries. Along the way, they need to continue to focus on there on home market. Available Governmental support GM has an immense support from the government. U.S government has supportive and encouraging polices for the American companies .GM can use government policies support to promote its growth outside the American continent. Development of the new models GM had worlds one of the first RD centre .They have scientific skills and expertise to develop new technological vehicle which are more fuel efficient and uses green technology. It is necessary for them to develop hybrid cars to protect them from enormous competition from japans car industry .the new government regulations tough and against high consumption cars which is the expertise of GM so they need to change the table round and change weakness into opportunity. They have the resources as well as technical skills all they need is the motivation and ability to do it. Threats Competition from foreign markets The slow death of GM, in the 1970 it had nearly 60% of automobile market and foreign share was only 10% that time in the US. Now the foreign brands dominate the GM market in the US and the GM shares little more than 20%. Reasons for GMs decline: GM major cost disadvantages was their production sites, which were in the U.S making their labour costly, then there competitor. Then strike threat came from sites around the country. They were threatened walkouts at plants in Parma, OH; Mansfield, OH; Grand Rapids, MI; Kansas City, KS; Flint MI and Arlington. Due to which they agreed to the demands of United Auto Workers (UAW) union that lead to increase in costs leaving GM to suffer higher loses.0 Financial slowdown From the year 2003 it has been a difficult times for GM firstly increased prices of the oil made it difficult for them to increase their sale and it decrease their profit margin, and years after they were hit by recession in 2008 that tumbled there whole industrial structure. The reason they were not able to cope up with the recession was there high cost of operation and over expansion that lead to disintegration leaving higher losses than ever. Secondly, high competition from japans companies made it difficult for the GM survival. GM and organisational development Organisational development is a soft methodology intended for use in complex situations to provide intervention strategy for the change management. GM has developed organisational strategy so that they have the ability to deal with organisational problems, cultural diversity, stability and political bargaining. Methodology for the OD was to develop unified system for the employees. However, one of the reasons it was introduce as employees of GM are quite inflexible and they could not cope with such pressure from the change. Change is never easy, especially in a vast, global organization like GM, which has been struggling with a change agenda for years and they have to change as shares are going down as last year it weathered an 18% dip in its U.S. market. GM finally understands that keeping its leadership position in the worldwide auto business demands deep-seated change. GM wants to develop the change management so that they are able to- Create a care work place in professional practice environment that promotes a high quality service, equality of opportunity, and political and public accountability. Making best use of money, people and other resources for and with the users of services to achieve the agreed objectives; Supporting best qualities direct and public services; Given clear messages to everybody about everything we do GM needs to diagnose the issue by theOrganisational Design Wheel that they are able to build momentum for change. Organisational tool gives us insight that for any organisational success its focus should be Mission and vision, which need to be align with organisation, process, people and direction setting and it should be backed up by the its organisational structure ,strategy,leadership,processes,culture and performances. This is the kind of the structure, which GM needs to develops but to reach here they need to go through a lot change management. For the development of the OD and change management, GM needs to Connect OD initiatives to strategic business models and Use the action research process to diagnose opportunities for improving the organisation. Define critical success factors and target specific interventions for hard-hitting, bottom-line OD. Articulate their role as an internal OD consultant. Leave with practical tools and advice that are immediately applicable to the companys OD initiatives. Organisational Analysis and Design The design of an organisation can affect everything as for the GM has gone through over expansion creating disintegration in controlling the organisation effectively. They will need to change the structure from the top to bottom so that they are able to develop proper workflow that will lead to ultimate success at the bottom line. GM needs to develop a change management program that targets GM employees that will help them to learn the dynamics, processes, and challenges inherent in analysing and designing an organisation to achieve business results. These applications of a systematic approach for guiding an organisational design effort, from problem identification, and planning the transformation, will ensure these efforts are align with the organisations mission and values. Organisational Culture and Change In todays worlds, Organisations today experience change in faster cycles than ever before. This is due to the mergers and acquisitions, turnaround situations, and organisational restructuring place pressure on strategy and performance. General motor has over expanded through merger and acquisition making them difficult to restructure their organisation. If they want to be able to deliver positive business results they need to competent internal change agents and access them, test their reliability. During the change management employees are most affected by it so GM needs to change in most appropriate way so that they are able to adopt it. According to the Bennis in his early work Organizational Development: nature, origins prospects defines OD as: a response to change, a complex educational strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values and structure of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets and challenges. According to the change, curve employees go through five stages shock and denial, anger, depression and detachment, dialogue and bargaining and acceptances. Shock and denial- when organisation implements change management in the company employees at first avoid and as well, as get confused with it. Anger with the new regulation and rules make employees frustrated and irritated against the change, which for any organisation is difficult, and they need to overcome from it very quickly. Depression and dialogue are interrelated stage, which lead to the acceptances. Acceptances is when employees are able to understand and explore new system how is it more efficient and beneficial for employees and organisation. Best Practices in Succession Management Succession management is a critical determinant of marketplace longevity for organisations. To develop best practices that will help to sustain competitive edge. For the GM employees and HR managers have to develop skills of succession management such as- Select options for assessing the core talent pool, and identifying and supporting high potentials Set up and execute effective succession planning review meetings Integrate succession management within the broader human resource system Utilise techniques for knowledge transfer of critical intellectual property Implement new models for both technical and management succession planning Drill down into succession management beyond the top management layer Design and Implement Leadership Development Systems When it comes to developing the leaders within an organisation, the stakes are high and the potential payoff is enormous. How to create a rationale for developing leaders in the organisation Identifying the leadership capabilities required in the near future, and assess talent gaps Determine the most efficient and effective means of developing the talent to meet the organisations needs Incorporate action learning into leadership development initiatives Understand how to create a system that aligns the organisational leadership programs with elements of strategy, culture, and business initiatives Model for Change Management There are numerous well-organized models that can help in change management in the organisation and for the GM will be The McKinsey 7S Framework. Some of the approaches have been around for many years. For example, many organizations undertake strategic planning. The implementation of strategic planning, when done in a systematic, cyclical and explicit approach, is strategic management. Strategic management is also one model for ensuring the success of change efforts. The McKinsey 7S Framework There are many models for the analysis of the organisations position and its objects some of them will analysis internal factors, others will analysis external ones, some of them combines these perspectives, and others look for congruence between various aspects of the organization. At the end it comes down to which factors that will affect the organisation. Tom Peters and Robert Waterman developed the McKinsey 7S framework in the early 1980s while working at the McKinsey Company consulting firm, the basic premise of the model is that there are seven internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to be successful. The 7S model has a ability to be used in variety of situations where an alignment perspective is useful. It will help the company to develop better strategic planning process. It is used to analysis four basic things- Improve the performance of a company. Examine the likely effects of future changes within a company. Align departments and processes during a merger or acquisition. Determine how best to implement a proposed strategy. The McKinsey 7S model involves seven either interdependent factors, which are categorized as hard, or soft elements: Hard elements are easier to identify and it directly influences management. These processes are strategy statements; organization charts and reporting lines; and formal processes and IT systems. On the other hand, soft elements are much more difficult to describe, as they are less tangible and more influenced by culture of the organisation. However, these soft elements are as important as the hard elements if the organization is going to be successful. Figure 1 below the model is representing in a way that change in one element will create a change in other .in this way it shows how these are linked other. If these new model is added in the GM organisational structure it will give them the stability they need to regain their number one marketing position. Each element represent an organisational structure and it is very important to understand how it will affect the organisation as a whole. Strategy:the plan devised to maintain and build competitive advantage over the competition. Structure:the way the organization is structured and who reports to whom. Systems:the daily activities and procedures that staff members engage in to get the job done. Shared Values:called super ordinate goals when the model was first developed, these are the core values of the company that are evidenced in the corporate culture and the general work ethic. Style:the style of leadership adopted. Staff:the employees and their general capabilities. Skills:the actual skills and competencies of the employees working for the company. This model will help and analysis GM performances. The model is based on the theory that, for an organization to perform well, these seven elements need to be aligned and mutually reinforcing. So, the model can be used to help identify what needs to be realigned to improve performance, or to maintain alignment (and performance) during other types of change. Whatever the type of change restructuring, new processes, organizational merger, new systems, change of leadership, and so on the model can be used to understand how the organizational elements are interrelated, and so ensure that the wider impact of changes made in one area is taken into consideration. You can use the 7S model to help analyze the current situation (Point A), a proposed future situation (Point B) and to identify gaps and inconsistencies between them. Its then a question of adjusting and tuning the elements of the 7S model to ensure that your organization works effectively and well once you reach the desired endpoint. Sounds simple? Well, of course not: Changing your organization probably will not be simple at all! Whole books and methodologies are dedicated to analyzing organizational strategy, improving performance and managing change. The 7S model is a good framework to help you ask the right questions but it wont give you all the answers. For that youll need to bring together the right knowledge, skills and experience. When it comes to asking the right questions, weve developed a Mind Tools checklist and a matrix to keep track of how the seven elements align with each other. Supplement these with your own questions, based on your organizations specific circumstances and accumulated wisdom.

Effects of Smoking While Pregnant :: smoking while pregnant

During a pregnancy there are many choices to be made and smoking should not be one of them. Smoking while pregnant can cause major effects before the birth of the child and also in the child’s future. Here are a few effects before the actual birth of the child: 1) Cigarettes contains a large number of chemicals that harm unborn babies. 2) Smoking raises the levels of carbon monoxide in your bloodstream. This gives less oxygen for baby. 3) Nicotine tightens the blood vessels, meaning the oxygen is passed over less effectively to the baby 4) Miscarriage or stillborn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome triples if the mother has smoked during pregnancy. â€Å"It is estimated that twenty-five percent of expectant mothers in the U.S. smoke throughout their pregnancies. According to a report from the Surgeon General, twenty percent of low birth weight births, either percent of preterm deliveries and five percent of all perinatal could be prevented by eliminating smoking during pregnancy.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only can smoking cause considerable damage to the unborn baby, but it could affect the baby later in life. Smoking increases the chances of the baby having birth defects. For example, the child might develop severe brain damage. The baby also might be considerably light in weight. All these outcomes are extremely negative and can cause guilt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another thing that should be taken into consideration is secondhand smoke. Even though the smoking is not being done firsthand, there is still a big risk. Side effects of secondhand smoke are ear infections, colds, and damage to the lungs. And even though it is not definite that complications during pregnancy might not occur, the chance of putting a child at risk for the sake of smoking a cigarette should not be taken.

Catcher in the Rye Psychological Analysis Essay

J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye portrays Holden Caulfield, a New York City teenager in the 1950’s, as a manic-depressive. Some critics of Salinger’s novel assert that Holden is too whiney and annoying as a character. What these critics fail to realize is that Holden’s actions throughout the novel perfectly exemplify that of a depressed teenager. Manic depression, compulsive lying, and immaturity throughout the novel characterize Holden. Holden’s depression finds its roots with the death of his brother, Allie. Holden is expelled from numerous schools due to his poor academics brought on by his depression. The manner that Holden sees himself and how he sees others leads him to be expelled from school. According to Michael Martin’s book titled Teen Depression, â€Å"depressed teenagers can struggle with depression for month or years. â€Å"It is a mental disorder which†¦ includes†¦ feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, guilt, problems with concentration† (Teen Depression). Throughout the novel, Holden exhibits these symptoms quite frequently. In fact, Holden makes his depression clear when he expresses how, â€Å"packing depressed me a little,† (51, Catcher). Holden expresses these feelings when he packs his bags after being notified that he is expelled. Holden leaves school and heads for New York City, where he finds himself to be more lonely and depressed than ever. When alone, Holden laments that â€Å"what I really felt like doing was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out of the window. † (104, Catcher). Too ashamed to return home, knowing his mother will be upset and his father will be angry with him, Holden turns to thoughts of suicide. He also adds that â€Å"I wasn’t feeling sleepy or anything, but I was feeling sort of lousy. Depressed and all, I almost wished I was dead,† (90, Catcher). Critics tend to describe Holden as being just an angst riddled teenager, whose perspective of the world around him is warped. While these critics may view these attributes as annoying, they actually serve to provide an emotional depth onset by Holden’s depression. For example, Negativity and hopelessness is often a symptom of depression, so when Holden narrates, â€Å"I’m pretty sure he yelled â€Å"Good luck! † at me. I hope not. I hope to hell not. I’d never yell â€Å"Good luck! † at anybody. It sounds terrible, when you think about it. (78, Catcher) Salinger is simply channeling the thoughts of a depressed teenager. Depression is a disease which causes the victim to enter this pessimistic state of mind, so naturally outside observers may be irked by Holden’s actions. However, this excerpt clearly illustrates the warped mindset of a depressed teen. Depressed teenagers tend to believe that their situation is entirely hopeless, and cannot possibly be rectified. The utter hopelessness which accompanies depression is not a rare phenomenon and is perhaps the most troubling aspect of the disease. Holden’s actions in the novel could easily be attributed to these symptoms. According to Teen Depression, depressed teenagers tend to look for relief in sex, drugs, or alcohol abuse. In the short time frame of the novel, Holden sought out 2 out of the 3 aforementioned items. These actions could be attributed to his desire to seek out a temporary form of relief in his life. Drinking allows Holden to escape from his heavy, pessimistic mentality. While Holden was with the prostitute, he was able to rid himself of his overwhelming isolation. Eric Lomazoff summarizes Holden’s situation best when he says that Holden was simply â€Å"trying to make the best of his life, though ultimately loosing that battle† (Lomazoff). Holden Caulfield is not a bad person, as so many critics make him out to be. In fact, Lomazoff goes as far to say that Holden is â€Å"a good guy stuck in a bad world†. The main reason why The Catcher in the Rye is so revered is because Salinger is able to embody the perspective of a troubled teenager so seamlessly. Holden’s depression is perhaps the most critical component of Salinger’s story. It is clear that upon closer examination, one would discover that Holden is not just a troubled teenager, but a clinically depressed one.